Those who are Portuguese by origin are:

• The children of a Portuguese mother or Portuguese father born in Portuguese territory;

• The children of a Portuguese mother or Portuguese father born abroad, if the Portuguese parent is working in the service of the Portuguese State;

• The children of a Portuguese mother or Portuguese father born abroad, if they register their birth at the Portuguese Register Office or if they affirm their wish to be Portuguese;

• Individuals born abroad with at least one ascendant of Portuguese nationality of the second degree in a direct line (grandfather or grandmother) who did not lose that nationality, if they declare that they want to be Portuguese, have ties of effective connection to the national community and, once such requirements are verified, register the birth in the Portuguese general registry office;

– (Verifying the existence of bonds of effective connection to the Portuguese community, for the purposes established in this specific case (nationality by the grandfather or grandmother), implies the Government’s acknowledgement of the relevance of such ties, namely by his or her sufficient knowledge of the Portuguese language and the existence of regular contacts with the Portuguese territory, and it depends on the lack of conviction, with the judgement made absolute, for the practice of an offence punishable by a maximum prison sentence of 3 years or more, according to the Portuguese law).

• Individuals born in Portuguese territory, who are the children of foreign nationals, if at least one of the parents was also born and has resided here, regardless of holding Portuguese nationality at the time of his or her birth;

• Individuals born in Portuguese territory, who are the children of foreign nationals not in the service of their respective State, who have expressed their wish to be Portuguese and provided that, at the moment of birth, one of the parents has legally resided here for at least 5 years;

• Individuals born in Portuguese territory, when they do not possess any other nationality.

The newborns who have been exposed here shall be presumed born in Portuguese territory, unless proven otherwise.